Translation, cultural adaptation and validation of the German Quality of Life in Epidermolysis Bullosa (QOLEB) questionnaire.

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare disease characterised by skin fragility and a wide variety of symptoms. The Quality of Life in Epidermolysis Bullosa (QOLEB) score is an English 17-item EB-specific validated measurement tool with two dimensions: functioning and emotions. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to develop and validate a culturally adapted German QOLEB. The following steps were carried out: translation, expert evaluation, back translation, linguistic and cultural adaptation, sample-based psychometric testing and evaluation. Data analysis was performed with n = 46 patients across all EB types. The reliability and internal consistency of the translated German QOLEB were excellent (α = 0.901). Regarding convergent validity, the QOLEB correlated highly with the iscorEB (r = 0.879; p < 0.001). Structural similarity with the English original version was confirmed through exploratory factor analysis. In conclusion, the German QOLEB demonstrates internal reliability and construct validity and is suitable to assess the quality of life in German-speaking EB patients.

Evidências de validade e fidedignidade do Teste de Fala Comprimida com Figuras / Evidence of validity and reliability of the Compressed Speech Test with Figures

RESUMO Objetivo Buscar evidências de validade e fidedignidade para o Teste de Fala Comprimida com Figuras. Método O estudo foi subdividido em três etapas: validação de construto, critério e fidedignidade. Todos os participantes tinham idade entre 6:00 e 8:11. Para o construto, aplicou-se o Fala Comprimida com Figuras e o teste padrão ouro Fala Comprimida Adaptado em crianças com desenvolvimento fonológico típico. Para análise de critério, aplicou-se o Fala Comprimida com Figuras em dois grupos, com desenvolvimento fonológico típico (G1) e atípico (G2). Por fim, os protocolos de aplicação passaram pela análise de duas Fonoaudiólogas, com experiência na área do Processamento Auditivo Central, buscando obter uma análise de fidedignidade interavaliadores. Resultados O teste de correlação indicou um construto quase perfeito (Rho=0,843 para orelha direita e Rho=0,823 para orelha esquerda). Na análise de critério, percebeu-se que ambos os grupos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios (G1 = 99,6 a 100%; G2 = 96 a 96,5%). Já a análise de fidedignidade demonstrou que o protocolo é de fácil análise, pois ambos os profissionais apresentaram respostas unânimes. Conclusão Foi possível obter evidências de validade e fidedignidade para o instrumento de Fala Comprimida com Figuras. A análise de construto evidenciou que o instrumento mede a mesma variável que o teste padrão outro, com correlação quase perfeita. Na análise de critério, ambos os grupos apresentaram desempenho semelhante, demonstrando que o instrumento não parece diferenciar populações com e sem transtorno fonológico leve. A análise de fidedignidade interavaliador demonstrou que o protocolo é de fácil análise e pontuação.

ABSTRACT Purpose To seek evidence of validity and reliability for the Compressed Speech Test with Figures. Methods The study was subdivided into three stages: construct validation, criteria and reliability. All participants were aged between 6:00 and 8:11. For the construct, Compressed Speech with Figures and the gold standard Adapted Compressed Speech test were applied to children with typical phonological development. For criterion analysis, Compressed Speech with Figures was applied in two groups, with typical (G1) and atypical (G2) phonological development. Finally, the application protocols underwent analysis by two Speech Therapists, with experience in the area of Central Auditory Processing, seeking to obtain an inter-evaluator reliability analysis. Results The correlation test indicated an almost perfect construct (correlation 0.843 for the right ear and 0.823 for the left ear). In the criterion analysis, it was noticed that both groups presented satisfactory results (G1 = 99.6 to 100%; G2 = 96 to 96.5%). The reliability analysis demonstrated that the protocol is easy to analyze, as both professionals presented unanimous responses. Conclusion It was possible to obtain evidence of validity and reliability for the Compressed Speech with Figures instrument. The construct analysis showed that the instrument measures the same variable as the gold standard test, with an almost perfect correlation. In the criterion analysis, both groups presented similar performance, demonstrating that the instrument does not seem to differentiate populations with and without mild phonological disorder. The inter-evaluator reliability analysis demonstrated that the protocol is easy to analyze and score.

[Transculturation and validation of a Questionnaire Factors Influencing Organ Donation]. / Transculturación y validación del cuestionario Factores que influyen en la Donación de Órganos.

Background: There are validated questionnaires in Spanish that evaluate the factors that influence organ donation, but they are not designed for the open population or do not delve into various aspects such as the one proposed. Objective: Validate an instrument to evaluate the factors that influence organ donation in Mexico. Material and methods: Phase 1: Development of the instrument. Translation into Spanish of the questionnaire "Factors Inffluencing Organ Donation in Qatar", adapted by experts in donation and clinimetry. Simultaneously, the definitive version of the questionnaire "Factors that Influence Organ Donation" (FIDO) and the questionnaire "International Donor Collaborative Project" were applied to patients, relatives and staff of a tertiary hospital in Puebla, Mexico. Mind a week after 200 respondents. Cronbach's Alpha (AC) (internal consistency), Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) (external consistency), and Phi (Phi) and Chi square Coefficient (concurrent validity in intention to donate) were obtained. Results: AC and ICC by domain: Knowledge 0.625 and 0.372; Attitudes 0.776 and 0.761; Beliefs 0.649 and 0.633; Intentions 0.126 and 0.123; Phi: 0.976, Chi square: 2.358 (p = 0.125). Conclusions: The FIDO questionnaire is valid and consistent to assess knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and intentions in organ donation in the general Mexican population.

Introducción: existen cuestionarios validados en español que evalúan los factores que influyen en la donación de órganos, pero no están diseñados para población abierta o no exploran aspectos diversos como el propuesto. Objetivo: validar un instrumento para evaluar los factores que influyen en la donación de órganos en México. Material y métodos: fase 1: Elaboración del instrumento. Traducción al español del cuestionario Factors Influencing Organ Donation in Qatar, adaptado por expertos en donación y clinimetría. Se realizaron pruebas piloto hasta lograr acuerdo en dos rondas consecutivas. Fase 2: Validez y consistencia. Simultáneamente se aplicó la versión definitiva del cuestionario Factores que Influyen en la Donación de Órganos (FIDO) y el cuestionario Proyecto Colaborativo Internacional Donante a pacientes, familiares y personal de un hospital de tercer nivel de Puebla, México. Se reaplicó telefónicamente una semana después a 200 respondientes. Se utilizó alfa de Cronbach (AC) (consistencia interna), coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) (consistencia externa), y coeficiente de Phi (Phi) y Chi cuadrada (validez concurrente en intención de donar). Resultados: AC y CCI por dominio: Conocimiento 0.625 y 0.372; Actitudes 0.776 y 0.761; Creencias 0.649 y 0.633; Intenciones 0.126 y 0.123; Global 0.774 y 0.675, respectivamente (p = 0.000); Phi: 0.976, Chi cuadrada: 2.358 (p = 0.125). Conclusiones: el cuestionario FIDO es válido y consistente para explorar: conocimiento, actitudes, creencias e intenciones en donación de órganos en población general mexicana.

The PraxiFala Battery: A diagnostic accuracy study.

PURPOSE: To present the sensitivity and specificity and establish cutoff points (receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve) for the PraxiFala Battery. METHOD: The sample included 308 Brazilian-speaking children aged 3;0-7;11. Twenty-one children had motor speech disorders (MSD), 58 children had phonological disorder (PD), and 229 had typical speech (TS) development. Participants were administered the PraxiFala Battery, which contains verbal (word and sentence production), nonverbal (orofacial praxis), and diadochokinetic tasks. The sensitivity and specificity of items in each task were then calculated using ROC curves. RESULT: Total scores on the verbal (word production), nonverbal (orofacial praxis), and diadochokinetic tasks had good sensitivity and specificity. The only scores with poor sensitivity and specificity in differentiating between TS, PD, and MSD were consistency and prosody in the verbal tasks (sentence production), and item /ta/ in the diadochokinetic task. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) values were greater than 0.7 for most items in the comparison between TS vs. MSD and PD vs. MSD. AUC values were poor or fair among children with TS and PD, suggesting that this instrument may not be accurate in identifying these groups. CONCLUSION: The verbal, nonverbal, and diadochokinetic tasks in the PraxiFala Battery had good sensitivity and specificity.

Escala de estratégias de resolução de conflitos familiares: adaptação e evidências psicométricas / Family conflict resolution strategies scale: adaptation and psychometric evidence / Escala de estrategias de resolución de conflictos familiares: adaptación y evidencias psicométricas

Este estudo teve o objetivo de adaptar o Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI) para o contexto brasileiro e investigar se este apresenta evidências de adequabilidade psicométrica. No Estudo 1 foi desenvolvida a versão brasileira e, posteriormente, foram analisadas evidências de validade de conteúdo por meio da análise de juízes (N = 4 avaliadores especialistas) e adequação semântica em um estudo piloto com adolescentes (N = 15). No Estudo 2, verificamos as propriedades psicométricas do CRSI em uma amostra de adolescentes (N = 276), reunindo evidências de validade de estrutura interna e precisão. Finalmente, no Estudo 3, foram investigadas evidências adicionais de estrutura interna e precisão do CRSI em uma nova amostra (N = 224). Os resultados demonstraram que o CRSI reúne evidências de validade com base no conteúdo, na estrutura interna e de precisão, podendo ser usado para avaliar as estratégias de resolução de conflitos que adolescentes brasileiros utilizam nas discordâncias com seus pais, possibilitando seu uso em pesquisas sobre esse tema.(AU)

This study adapted the Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI) for the Brazilian context and assessed its psychometric adequacy. In Study 1, the Brazilian version was developed and content validity was analyzed by experts (N = 4) with semantic adequacy assessed in a pilot study with adolescents (N = 15). In Study 2, psychometric properties were examined in a sample of adolescents (N = 276), providing evidence of internal validity and reliability. Study 3 further investigated evidence of internal validity and reliability in a new sample (N = 224). Results indicated that the CRSI exhibits content validity, internal validity, and reliability, making it suitable for assessing conflict resolution strategies employed by Brazilian adolescents in disagreements with their parents, enabling its use in related research.(AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar el Conflict Resolution Styles Inventory (CRSI) al contexto brasileño y verificar si presenta evidencias de adecuación psicométrica. En el Estudio 1, se desarrolló la versión brasileña y, posteriormente, se analizaron las evidencias de validez de contenido a través del análisis de jueces (N = 4 evaluadores expertos) y de adecuación semántica en un estudio piloto con adolescentes (N = 15). En el Estudio 2, verificamos las propiedades psicométricas del CRSI en una muestra de adolescentes (N = 276), recogiendo evidencias de validez interna y precisión. Finalmente, en el Estudio 3, se investigó evidencias adicionales de la validez interna y precisión del CRSI en una nueva muestra (N = 224). Los resultados mostraron que el CRSI reúne evidencias de validez de contenido, validez interna y precisión, y puede ser utilizado para evaluar las estrategias de resolución de conflictos utilizadas por adolescentes brasileños en desacuerdos con sus padres, lo que permite su uso en investigaciones sobre este tema.(AU)

Normative Data for the Alternating and Orthographic Constraint Semantic Fluency Tests in the Adult French-Quebec Population and Validation Study in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease.

Verbal fluency tests, known to elicit executive functions (EFs), have proven useful in distinguishing healthy individuals from those with cognitive impairment. The present study addresses two new tests of verbal fluency that elicit EFs, namely, extradimensional alternating fluency (EAF) and extradimensional orthographic constraint semantic fluency (EOCSF). The aim of Study 1 was to provide normative data in the adult and elderly population of French Québec for the two fluency tests. The aim of Study 2 was to determine their psychometric value. The normative sample consisted of 338 healthy controls (HCs) aged 50-89 years. Multiple linear regressions were used to generate equations for calculating Z-scores. Convergent validity was established by administering the two verbal fluency tests and the Letter-Number Sequence (LNS) subtest of the WAIS-III. To assess predictive validity, the performance of 19 HCs was compared with that of 19 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 19 participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD). To determine test-retest reliability, the test was administered twice, 3 months apart, to a subsample of 20 HCs. Age and educational level were significantly related to performance in the EAF and the EOCSF. The two tests correlated significantly and positively with the LNS. The EAF and the EOCSF distinguished the performance of HCs from that of participants with MCI or AD. A test-retest analysis showed that scores on the two tests were stable over time. The norms and psychometric data for the EAF and the EOCSF will help clinicians and researchers better identify executive impairments associated with pathological conditions.

Evidencias de validez de una escala para evaluar el ajuste a la vida universitaria / Evidence of Validity of a Scale to Assess College Adjustment / Evidências de validade de uma escala para avaliar a adaptação à vida universitária

El propósito de la investigación fue desarrollar una escala para medir el proceso de ajuste a la vida universitaria. Este constructo multifactorial se basa en un modelo teórico de tres dimensiones: académica, social e institucional. La muestra principal estuvo conformada por 673 estudiantes: 42.1 % mujeres, 57.7 % hombres y 0.3 % otro, con un promedio de 18.29 años. En el primer análisis se encontraron evidencias asociadas al contenido de las dimensiones de la escala denominada AjusteU. En el análisis de validez convergente se halló una correlación de 0.582 a un nivel de significancia del 0.01 (bilateral) con el instrumento CAVU, otra medida del ajuste a la vida universitaria. En el tercer análisis se validó el planteamiento teórico con los datos empíricos mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Finalmente, en el análisis predictivo se comprobó que la puntuación de la escala AjusteU se asoció significativamente con el rendimiento del primer período universitario. Se concluye que estas evidencias empíricas permiten un uso adecuado de los resultados, especialmente en la toma de decisiones oportunas para favorecer el proceso de transición de secundaria a la educación superior. La principal limitación fue la aplicación de la escala en modalidad remota en el contexto de pandemia, por lo que las experiencias del estudiantado podrían ser diferentes en un entorno presencial

The purpose of the research was to develop a scale to measure college adjustment. The theorical model was based on three dimensions: academical, social and institutional. The principal sample was conformed for 673 students: 42.1 % women, 57.7 % men and 0.3 % other, with an average of 18.29 years old. In the first analysis were found evidence associated to the content of the dimensions of the scale denominated AjusteU. In the validity convergent analysis was found a correlation of 0.582 to a significance level of 0.01 (bilateral) with the instrument CAVU, other measure that is related to the adjustment process. In the third analysis, the theoretical approach was validated with empirical data using a structural equation model. Finally, in the predictive analysis was proved that the scoring of the scale AjusteU was associated significantly with the performance of the first period of college. The conclusion is that this empirical evidence allows an appropriate use of their results, specifically in the opportune decision making to favor the transition process from high school to higher education. The main limitation was the application of the scale in the remote modality in the pandemic context, therefore the experiences of the students might be different in an on-site experience.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi desenvolver uma escala para medir o processo de adaptação à vida universitária. Este construto multifatorial é baseado em um modelo teórico de três dimensões: acadêmica, social e institucional. A amostra principal foi composta por 673 estudantes, sendo: 42.1 % mulheres, 57.7 % homens e 0.3 % outros, com idade média de 18.29 anos. Na primeira análise, foram encontradas evidências associadas ao conteúdo das dimensões da escala denominada AjusteU. Na análise de validade convergente, uma correlação de 0.582 foi encontrada em um nível de significância de 0.01 (bilateral) com o instrumento CAVU, outra medida de adaptação à vida universitária. Na terceira análise, a abordagem teórica foi validada com dados empíricos usando um modelo de equações estruturais. Por fim, na análise preditiva verificouse que a pontuação da escala AjusteU esteve significativamente associada ao desempenho do primeiro período universitário. Concluise que estas evidências empíricas permitem uma utilização adequada dos resultados, sobretudo na tomada de decisões oportunas que favoreçam o processo de transição do ensino médio para o superior. A principal limitação do estudo foi a aplicação da escala de forma remota no contexto de pandemia, de modo que as experiências do corpo discente poderiam ser diferentes em um ambiente presencial.

Perfis de jogo de crianças: adaptação do Children's Play Therapy Instrument (CPTI) / Play profiles of children: adaptation of the Children's Play Therapy Instrument (CPTI) / Perfiles de juego de niños: adaptación del Children's Play Therapy Instrument (CPTI)

O brincar e a vida infantil estão inevitavelmente entrelaçados, havendo inúmeras evidências da ação terapêutica do brinquedo para o desenvolvimento infantil e, consequentemente, para o desenrolar da Psicoterapia Psicodinâmica (PP). Para acessar o brincar de crianças de maneira objetiva durante o percurso da PP, foi desenvolvido o Children's Play Therapy Instrument (CPTI). O objetivo desse estudo foi adaptar para o português o CPTI, assim como realizar um estudo piloto para identificar evidências de validade do instrumento, através da análise de perfis de jogo de psicoterapias de três crianças, uma menina e dois meninos, com oito, sete e oito anos, diagnosticados com transtorno de adaptação, transtorno disruptivo da desregulação do humor e transtorno do espectro autista, nível 1, respectivamente. A versão em português do CPTI apresentou boa equivalência com a original e a fidedignidade interavaliadores foi alta, além de serem encontradas evidências preliminares de validade. O instrumento foi capaz de diferenciar os perfis de jogo de cada criança, descrevendo atividades de jogo condizentes com as psicopatologias analisadas. As possibilidades e limitações de utilização do instrumento foram discutidas. (AU)

Play and childhood are inevitably intertwined, with numerous indications of the therapeutic effects of play on child development and, consequently, on the progress of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PP). To access children's play during the course of PP, the Children's Play Therapy Instrument (CPTI) was developed. The aim of this study was to adapt the CPTI to Portuguese and to conduct a pilot study to identify validity evidence for the instrument through the analysis of play profiles of psychotherapies involving three children: one girl and two boys, aged eight, seven, and eight, respectively. They were diagnosed with adjustment disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, and autism spectrum disorder level 1. The Portuguese version of the CPTI showed good equivalence to the original, inter-rater reliability was high, and preliminary evidence of validity was found. The instrument was able to differentiate each child's play profiles, describing play activities consistent with the psychopathologies analyzed. The instrument's possibilities and limitations were discussed. (AU)

El juego y la vida de los niños están inevitablemente entrelazados, con numerosas evidencias de la acción terapéutica del juguete para el desarrollo infantil y, en consecuencia, para el desarrollo de la Psicoterapia Psicodinámica (PP). Para acceder de forma objetiva al juego infantil durante el transcurso de la PP, se desarrolló el Instrumento de Terapia de Juego Infantil (CPTI). El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar el CPTI al portugués, así como realizar un estudio piloto para identificar evidencias de validez del instrumento, a través del análisis de perfiles de juego de tres psicoterapias con tres niños, se incluye una niña y dos niños de ocho, siete y ocho años, diagnosticados con trastorno de adaptación, trastorno de desregulación disruptiva del estado de ánimo y trastorno del espectro autista, nivel 1, respectivamente. El CPTI mostró una buena equivalencia con el original y la confiabilidad entre evaluadores fue alta. El instrumento logró diferenciar los perfiles de juego de cada niño, describiendo actividades de juego consistentes con las psicopatologías analizadas. Se discutieron las posibilidades y limitaciones del uso del instrumento. (AU)

Improving validity of the trail making test with alphabet support.

Objective: The Trail Making Test (TMT) is commonly used worldwide to evaluate cognitive decline and car driving ability. However, it has received critique for its dependence on the Latin alphabet and thus, the risk of misclassifying some participants. Alphabet support potentially increases test validity by avoiding misclassification of executive dysfunction in participants with dyslexia and those with insufficient automatization of the Latin alphabet. However, Alphabet support might render the test less sensitive to set-shifting, thus compromising the validity of the test. This study compares two versions of the TMT: with and without alphabet support. Methods: We compared the TMT-A, TMT-B, and TMT-B:A ratios in two independent normative samples with (n = 220) and without (n = 64) alphabet support using multiple regression analysis adjusted for age and education. The sample comprised Scandinavians aged 70-84 years. Alphabet support was included by adding the Latin alphabet A-L on top of the page on the TMT-B. We hypothesized that alphabet support would not change the TMT-B:A ratio. Results: After adjusting for age and years of education, there were no significant differences between the two samples in the TMT-A, TMT-B, or the ratio score (TMT-B:A). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the inclusion of alphabet support does not alter TMT's ability to measure set-shifting in a sample of older Scandinavian adults.

Review of Statistical and Methodological Issues in the Forensic Prediction of Malingering from Validity Tests: Part II-Methodological Issues.

Forensic neuropsychological examinations to detect malingering in patients with neurocognitive, physical, and psychological dysfunction have tremendous social, legal, and economic importance. Thousands of studies have been published to develop and validate methods to forensically detect malingering based largely on approximately 50 validity tests, including embedded and stand-alone performance and symptom validity tests. This is Part II of a two-part review of statistical and methodological issues in the forensic prediction of malingering based on validity tests. The Part I companion paper explored key statistical issues. Part II examines related methodological issues through conceptual analysis, statistical simulations, and reanalysis of findings from prior validity test validation studies. Methodological issues examined include the distinction between analog simulation and forensic studies, the effect of excluding too-close-to-call (TCTC) cases from analyses, the distinction between criterion-related and construct validation studies, and the application of the Revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool (QUADAS-2) in all Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) validation studies published within approximately the first 20 years following its initial publication to assess risk of bias. Findings include that analog studies are commonly confused for forensic validation studies, and that construct validation studies are routinely presented as if they were criterion-reference validation studies. After accounting for the exclusion of TCTC cases, actual classification accuracy was found to be well below claimed levels. QUADAS-2 results revealed that extant TOMM validation studies all had a high risk of bias, with not a single TOMM validation study with low risk of bias. Recommendations include adoption of well-established guidelines from the biomedical diagnostics literature for good quality criterion-referenced validation studies and examination of implications for malingering determination practices. Design of future studies may hinge on the availability of an incontrovertible reference standard of the malingering status of examinees.

Quo Vadis Forensic Neuropsychological Malingering Determinations? Reply to Drs. Bush, Faust, and Jewsbury.

The thoughtful commentaries in this volume of Drs. Bush, Jewsbury, and Faust add to the impact of the two reviews in this volume of statistical and methodological issues in the forensic neuropsychological determination of malingering based on performance and symptom validity tests (PVTs and SVTs). In his commentary, Dr. Bush raises, among others, the important question of whether such malingering determinations can still be considered as meeting the legal Daubert standard which is the basis for neuropsychological expert testimony. Dr. Jewsbury focuses mostly on statistical issues and agrees with two key points of the statistical review: Positive likelihood chaining is not a mathematically tenable method to combine findings of multiple PVTs and SVTs, and the Simple Bayes method is not applicable to malingering determinations. Dr. Faust adds important narrative texture to the implications for forensic neuropsychological practice and points to a need for research into factors other than malingering that may explain PVT and SVT failures. These commentaries put into even sharper focus the serious questions raised in the reviews about the scientific basis of present practices in the forensic neuropsychological determination of malingering.

Review of Statistical and Methodological Issues in the Forensic Prediction of Malingering from Validity Tests: Part I: Statistical Issues.

Forensic neuropsychological examinations with determination of malingering have tremendous social, legal, and economic consequences. Thousands of studies have been published aimed at developing and validating methods to diagnose malingering in forensic settings, based largely on approximately 50 validity tests, including embedded and stand-alone performance validity tests. This is the first part of a two-part review. Part I explores three statistical issues related to the validation of validity tests as predictors of malingering, including (a) the need to report a complete set of classification accuracy statistics, (b) how to detect and handle collinearity among validity tests, and (c) how to assess the classification accuracy of algorithms for aggregating information from multiple validity tests. In the Part II companion paper, three closely related research methodological issues will be examined. Statistical issues are explored through conceptual analysis, statistical simulations, and through reanalysis of findings from prior validation studies. Findings suggest extant neuropsychological validity tests are collinear and contribute redundant information to the prediction of malingering among forensic examinees. Findings further suggest that existing diagnostic algorithms may miss diagnostic accuracy targets under most realistic conditions. The review makes several recommendations to address these concerns, including (a) reporting of full confusion table statistics with 95% confidence intervals in diagnostic trials, (b) the use of logistic regression, and (c) adoption of the consensus model on the "transparent reporting of multivariate prediction models for individual prognosis or diagnosis" (TRIPOD) in the malingering literature.

Reliability and Validity of the Elkins Hypnotizability Scale within a Clinical Sample.

Hypnotherapy is used in clinical settings to treat mental and physical health-related conditions. Hypnotic response can be measured through hypnotizability scales to help interventionists personalize treatment plans to suit the patients' individualized hypnotic abilities. Examples of these scales are the Elkins Hypnotizability Scale (EHS) and the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS:C). According to the previous literature, these scales have good discriminating ability and internal consistency (α = 0.85) in collegiate samples, but the psychometric properties of the EHS for a targeted clinical population have not been determined yet. This study assessed said properties, and results showed adequate reliability of the EHS in a targeted clinical sample and strong convergent validity of the EHS to the SHSS:C. The authors conclude that the EHS is a strong and useful measure of hypnotizability that is pleasant, safe, brief, and sensible to individualities in hypnotic ability found in diverse clinical samples.

Utility of the Teacher Behavior Checklist beyond Psychology Majors: Replication with Brazilian Physical Education Students / Utilidad del Teacher Behavior Checklist más allá de la psicología: replicación con estudiantes brasileños de educación física

Abstract The Teacher Behavior Checklist (TBC) is a worldwide valued instrument to measure teachers' performance. Nonetheless, the studies about TBC in Brazil are still scarce, with samples mainly composed of psychology and civil engineering students. The aim of this study was to replicate the research by Keeley et al. (2010) to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the TBC with a new sample. Participants were 107 undergraduates from physical education courses from a Brazilian public university. Participants used the TBC to evaluate three types of teachers: the worst they had ever had, a regular one, and the best one. The order of evaluation of teacher types did not interfere with the response patterns, but as expected, statistically significant differences were found among the three types of teachers. Additionally, the two-factor model of the TBC was confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis, providing additional evidence of construct validity. However evidence to advocate in favor of a one-factor solution was also found. McDonald's Omega results provided evidence of reliability. These findings support the use of TBC in the formative evaluation of teachers in Brazil.

Resumen The Teacher Behavior Checklist (TBC) es un instrumento valorado en todo el mundo para medir el desempeño de los profesores. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre el TBC en Brasil siguen siendo escasos, con muestras compuestas principalmente por estudiantes de psicología e ingeniería civil. El objetivo de este estudio fue replicar la investigación de Keeley et al. (2010) para evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña del Teacher Behavior Checklist (TBC) con una nueva muestra. Participaron 107 estudiantes de educación física de una universidad pública brasileña. Los participantes utilizaron el TBC para evaluar tres tipos de profesores: el peor que hayan tenido, uno regular y el mejor. El orden de evaluación de los tipos de docentes no interfirió con los patrones de respuesta, pero como se esperaba, encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tres tipos de docentes. Además, el modelo de dos factores del TBC se confirmó a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio, proporcionando evidencia adicional de validez de la construcción. No obstante, también encontramos evidencia para abogar a favor de una solución de un factor. Los resultados del Omega de McDonald indicaron evidencia de confiabilidad. Estos hallazgos apoyan el uso de TBC en la evaluación formativa de los docentes en Brasil.

Normative data for the verb fluency test in the adult French-Quebec population and validation study in mild cognitive impairment.

Verbal fluency tests are used to assess executive functions and language. The verb fluency test has proven successful in distinguishing healthy individuals (HCs) from participants with pathological conditions. However, few normative and psychometric studies have been published for the verb fluency test. The aim of Study 1 was to provide normative data in the adult population of French Québec for the verb fluency test. The aim of Study 2 was to determine its discriminant validity and test-retest reliability. The normative sample consisted of 424 HCs aged 50-92 years. Multiple linear regressions were used to generate equations for calculating Z-scores. To assess discriminant validity, the performance of 46 HCs was compared with that of 46 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). To determine test-retest reliability, the test was administered twice, 3 months apart, to a group of 25 HCs. Age, sex, and education level were significantly related to performance on the test. The test distinguished the performance of HCs from that of participants with MCI. Test-retest analysis showed that scores had good stability over time. Norms and psychometric data for the verb fluency test will help clinicians and researchers better identify executive and language impairments associated with pathological conditions.

La relación entrenador-deportista: propiedades psicométricas de la adaptación al castellano del CART-Q / The coach-athlete relationship: psychometric properties of the spanish version of the CART-Q

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron adaptar al castellano y examinar la validez de constructo del Cuestionario de Relación Entrenador-Deportista (CART-Q). Compusieron la muestra 162 deportistas(43.2% mujeres), especialistas de varias modalidades, con edades comprendidas entre los16 y los 59 años (M= 26.41,d.t. = 8.98).Se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial confirmatorio que reveló una estructura trifactorial, con adecuados índices de bondad de ajuste (GFI: .951,CFI: .890,TLI: .952)y error (RMSEA: .078,RMR: .067).En cuanto a las diferencias de género y nivel, se observó una interacción: las mujeres profesionales se mostraron significativamente más cercanas con sus entrenadores que el resto de participantes. Los resultados apoyan el uso del instrumento en el contexto de las relaciones deportivas hispanoparlantes. Se sugiere que se tengan en cuenta las diferencias de género y nivel encontradas para mejorar la satisfacción de deportistas. (AU)

The aims of the present study were to adapt into Spanish and examine the construct validity of the Coach-Sport Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q). A total of 162 sports(wo)men (43.2% women), players of differente sports, were between 16 and 59 years old (M = 26.41, SD = 8.98), made up the sample. A confirmatory factorial analysis, revealed a trifactorial structure. Indexes of goodness-of-fit (GFI: .951; CFI: .890; TLI: .952 and error (RMSEA: .078; RMR: .067) were adequate. Regarding gender and level differences, professional sportswomen were significantly closer to their coaches than the rest of the participants. Results support the use of the instrument in the context of Spanish-speaking sport relationships. Gender and level differences need to be taken into account for the improvement of athletes’ relational satisfaction. (AU)

Análise de estrutura interna do IBALEC / Analysis of the internal structure of IBALEC / Análisis de la estructura interna de IBALEC

O Instrumento para Breve Avaliação da Leitura, Escrita e Compreensão (IBALEC) se propõe a avaliar o desempenho de alunos de escola pública no domínio das habilidades básicas de alfabetização. Após a validação de conteúdo, por meio da análise de um grupo de especialistas, o IBALEC foi aplicado individualmente em 825 alunos (439 do sexo masculino e 386 do sexo feminino) do 1º ao 5º ano do ensino fundamental em duas escolas públicas, a fim de realizar a análise de sua estrutura interna. As análises fatoriais efetuadas demonstraram bom ajustamento do instrumento a um modelo de estrutura interna composto por cinco fatores correlacionados, correspondentes aos construtos teóricos que subsidiaram a sua construção: leitura de palavras, escrita de palavras, escrita de frases, leitura/compreensão de frases e, leitura/compreensão de texto. Esses resultados constituem forte evidência da validade de construto do IBALEC, para avaliar as habilidades a que se propõe. (AU)

The Instrument for Brief Assessment of Reading, Writing, and Comprehension (IBALEC) aims to assess the performance of public school students in the mastery of basic literacy skills. After content validation, based on the analysis of a group of specialists, the IBALEC was applied individually to 825 students (439 boys and 386 girls) from the 1st to the 5th year of Elementary Education in two public schools, to analyze its internal structure. The factorial analyses performed demonstrated a good fit of the instrument to an internal structure model composed of five correlated factors, corresponding to the theoretical constructs that subsidized its construction: word reading, word writing, sentence writing, sentence reading comprehension, and reading/understanding text. These results are strong evidence of the construct validity of IBALEC, to assess the proposed skills. (AU)

El Instrumento de Evaluación Breve de Lectura, Escritura y Comprensión (IBALEC) tiene como objetivo evaluar el desempeño de los estudiantes de escuelas públicas en las competencias básicas de alfabetización. Después de la validación del contenido, mediante el análisis de un grupo de especialistas, el IBALEC se aplicó de forma individual a 825 alumnos (439 niños y 386 niñas) de 1º a 5º año de primaria de dos centros públicos, con el fin de realizar el análisis de su estructura interna. Los análisis factoriales ejecutados demostraron un buen ajuste del instrumento a un modelo de estructura interna compuesto por cinco factores correlacionados, correspondientes a los constructos teóricos que subsidiaban su construcción: lectura de palabras, escrita de palabras, escrita de oraciones, lectura/comprensión de oraciones, y lectura/comprensión de texto. Estos resultados constituyen una fuerte evidencia de la validez de constructo del IBALEC para evaluar las habilidades propuestas. (AU)

Adaptation and validity of the Trait Meta-Mood scale for Brazilian adolescents.

The current study aimed to present the process of adaption and validity evidence of the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24) for the population of Brazilian school adolescents. The study included 4,681 students aged 10 to 19 years old, attending public schools in 12 cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. According to the original scale, the exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses indicated adequate fit indexes and satisfactory reliability for the model composed of 24 items and three factors (attention, clarity, and repair). The scale showed a significant positive correlation with life satisfaction and psychological well-being. The results reveal that the TMMS-24 is adequate for the assessment of emotional intelligence among Brazilian adolescents and may contribute to research and interventions regarding emotional competencies among this population.

Validity and reliability of the Polish Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (PMDS-16) and its short form (PMDS-5).

Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) defines excessive use of fantasy, which replaces human interaction and/or interferes with academic, interpersonal, or vocational functioning. This study tests psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale (PMDS-16) and a short 5-item version derived from it (PMDS-5), and their capacity to screen for MD. The relationship between MD, resilience and the quality of life was also explored. Validity and reliability were examined in a sample of 491 participants in nonclinical (n = 315) and mixed-clinical (n = 176) groups who completed the tests online. The exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis method of parameter estimation without rotation confirmed a one-factor solution of both instruments. Reliability of both versions was corroborated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (PMDS-16: >.941; PMDS-5: >.931). The cutoff score maximizing sensitivity and specificity for MD was 42 in both instruments, but the short version had better discriminating properties. People who identified themselves as maladaptive daydreamers in comparison to those who did not had significantly higher scores in both instruments. Maladaptive daydreamers also had lower quality of life in the psychological and social relationships domains and poorer resilience. Both PMDS-16 and PMDS-5 proved to have satisfactory psychometric properties. They have similar psychometric properties, although PMDS-5 has better discriminating power and can be used effectively for the screening of MD.

Evaluating the Reliability and Validity of the Famous Faces Doppelgangers Test, a Novel Measure of Familiar Face Recognition.

Face recognition assessments that use images of celebrities require not only face recognition ability but also pop-culture knowledge and successful recall of identifying information. Here, we introduce a task designed to measure face recognition more specifically: the Famous Faces Doppelgangers Test (FFDT). Participants (N = 57,407) identified 40 celebrities paired with lookalike doppelgangers, allowing face recognition ability to be assessed without requiring information recall. In addition, participants reported whether they were familiar with each celebrity, allowing poor face recognition ability to be differentiated from low pop-culture knowledge. FFDT performance was reliable (rxx = .80), similar across participants of different racial and ethnic groups, and more highly correlated with memory for faces (r = .50) and self-reported face recognition ability (r = .48) than processing speed ability (r = .10). Thus, the FFDT is a reliable, valid, and specific measure of the ability to identify familiar faces, making it a promising new tool for assessing face recognition ability.